Category:1895 births
Category:1960 deaths
Category:Brazilian film score composers
Category:Male film score composers
Category:Brazilian musicians
Category:Brazilian conductors (music)
Category:People from Porto Alegre
Category:20th-century conductors (music)
Category:20th-century male musiciansA wide variety of metals and metal alloys, as well as non-metals and non-metal alloys, are useful in a variety of applications. These include various structural materials, protective layers, coatings, and thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The various metal materials include, for example, the transition metals, and their oxides, such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, yttrium, and aluminum.
In certain applications, it is desirable to form relatively thin films of metal materials. Examples of such applications include components of plasma etch chambers and components of gas turbine engines. In some of these applications, the thin films can be applied in an uncontrolled fashion, or have a small thickness variation across the entire surface of the component. In other applications, however, it may be necessary to form a relatively thin film having a thickness variation that is greater than a target tolerance, or that is less than a desired thickness.
The use of so-called billets in forming metal films or layers can be advantageous in some applications. In one example, a billet can be formed into a desired shape to provide a substrate upon which a metal film can be formed by a variety of techniques, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electrodeposition, and the like. The billets can be formed from metal materials that can be subsequently subjected to a variety of processes to form a variety of metal layers having desired properties. An example of this approach is illustrated by U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0080391, published on Apr. 8, 2010 and entitled “Vaporization and Deposition of Wires of Materials,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In another example, a billet can be formed from a metal material that can be subsequently subjected to a variety of processes to form a plurality of metal layers having different properties. For example, a billet having a cylindrical shape can be formed from a wide variety of materials, such as a base metal, which can be machined to form the cylindrical be359ba680
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